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 Value Set PulmonaryFunctionTestResults Pulmonary Function Test Results 2014‑03‑31

Value Set Name Value Set Id Version / effective date Status
PulmonaryFunctionTestResults 2.16.578.1.34.11.8 2014‑03‑31 Draft
Source Code System:
  • 2.16.840.1.113883.6.1 LOINC
  • 2.16.840.1.113883.6.96 SNOMED
Level/ Type Code Display Name Code System Description
0-A 55752-0 Clinical information LOINC
1-L  445518008 Age at onset of clinical finding (observable entity) SNOMED
1-L  229819007 Tobacco use and exposure (observable entity) SNOMED
1-L  3141-9 Weight Measured LOINC
1-L  39156-5 BMI (Body Mass Index) LOINC
1-L  42784-9 Ethnic background Stated LOINC
1-L  8302-2 Height LOINC
0-A 52485-0 Pulmonary Function Tests LOINC
1-L  20084-0 Airway resistance mean LOINC Resistance.airway
1-L  20085-7 Airway resistance mean Calculated LOINC Resistance.airway
1-L  20083-2 Airway resistance mean by Plethysmograph body box LOINC Resistance.airway
1-L  41905-1 Altitude LOINC
1-L  33457-3 Compliance of last 20% of breath/Compliance of entire breath LOINC
1-L  19918-2 Diffusion capacity adjusted to body conditions LOINC Diffusion capacity^^adjusted to body conditions
1-L  19917-4 Diffusion capacity adjusted to body conditions by Single breath.carbon monoxide+Helium LOINC Diffusion capacity^^adjusted to body conditions
1-L  19911-7 Diffusion capacity.carbon monoxide LOINC
1-L  19910-9 Diffusion capacity.carbon monoxide Predicted LOINC Diffusion capacity.carbon monoxide
1-L  19913-3 Diffusion capacity.carbon monoxide adjusted for hemoglobin LOINC Diffusion capacity.carbon monoxide^^adjusted for hemoglobin
1-L  19912-5 Diffusion capacity.carbon monoxide adjusted for hemoglobin by Helium single breath LOINC Diffusion capacity.carbon monoxide^^adjusted for hemoglobin
1-L  69578-3 Diffusion capacity.carbon monoxide/Alveolar volume adjusted for hemoglobin LOINC Diffusion capacity.carbon monoxide/Alveolar volume^^adjusted for hemoglobin [L/min/mm[Hg]]
1-L  19916-6 Diffusion capacity/Alveolar volume LOINC
1-L  19915-8 Diffusion capacity/Alveolar volume Predicted LOINC Diffusion capacity/Alveolar volume
1-L  19914-1 Diffusion capacity/Alveolar volume by Single breath.carbon monoxide+Helium LOINC Diffusion capacity/Alveolar volume
1-L  64098-7 Distance walked in 6 minutes LOINC Walk distance
1-L  55412-1 Exercise distance LOINC
1-L  19924-0 Expiratory reserve LOINC
1-L  19923-2 Expiratory reserve Predicted LOINC Expiratory reserve [L]
1-L  19921-6 Expiratory reserve by Helium rebreathing LOINC Expiratory reserve
1-L  19922-4 Expiratory reserve by Helium single breath LOINC Expiratory reserve
1-L  65654-6 Extrapolated volume Respiratory system LOINC Extrapolated volume [mL]
1-L  69973-6 FEF 25-75% --post bronchodilation LOINC Gas flow at 25-75% of forced expiration^post bronchodilation [L/s]
1-L  69972-8 FEF 25-75% --pre bronchodilation LOINC Gas flow at 25-75% of forced expiration^pre bronchodilation [L/s]
1-L  69971-0 FEF 25-75% Predicted LOINC Gas flow at 25-75% of forced expiration [L/s]
1-L  69980-1 FEF 50%/FIV 50% --post bronchodilation LOINC Gas flow at 50% of forced expiration/Gas flow at 50% of forced inspiration^post bronchodilation
1-L  69979-3 FEF 50%/FIV 50% --pre bronchodilation LOINC Gas flow at 50% of forced expiration/Gas flow at 50% of forced inspiration^pre bronchodilation
1-L  20142-6 FEV LOINC Volume.forced expiration.total
1-L  20135-0 FEV 25%-75% post bronchodilation/predicted Respiratory system LOINC Volume at 25-75% of forced expiration.measured.post bronchodilation/Volume at 25-75% of forced expiration.predicted
1-L  20136-8 FEV 25%-75% pre bronchodilation/predicted Respiratory system LOINC Volume at 25-75% of forced expiration.measured.pre bronchodilation/Volume at 25-75% of forced expiration.predicted
1-L  20137-6 FEV 25%-75%/predicted Respiratory system LOINC Volume at 25-75% of forced expiration.measured/Volume at 25-75% of forced expiration.predicted
1-L  20148-3 FEV.5 LOINC Volume expired during 0.5 s of forced expiration [L]
1-L  20147-5 FEV.5 Predicted LOINC Volume expired during 0.5 s of forced expiration [L]
1-L  20150-9 FEV1 LOINC Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration [L]
1-L  43259-1 FEV1 -- post 0.25 mg/mL methacholine LOINC Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration^ post 0.25 mg/mL methacholine [L]
1-L  43255-9 FEV1 -- post dose methacholine LOINC Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration^ post dose methacholine [L]
1-L  43263-3 FEV1 --10 minutes post exercise LOINC Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration^ 10M post exercise [L]
1-L  43262-5 FEV1 --15 minutes post exercise LOINC Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration^ 15M post exercise [L]
1-L  43261-7 FEV1 --5 minutes post exercise LOINC Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration^ 5M post exercise [L]
1-L  43254-2 FEV1 --Pre excercise LOINC Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration^ pre exercise [L]
1-L  43260-9 FEV1 --post 0.025 mg/mL methacholine LOINC Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration^ post 0.025 mg/mL methacholine [L]
1-L  43258-3 FEV1 --post 10 mg/mL methacholine LOINC Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration^ post 10 mg/mL methacholine [L]
1-L  43257-5 FEV1 --post 2.5 mg/mL methacholine LOINC Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration^ post 2.5 mg/mL methacholine [L]
1-L  43256-7 FEV1 --post 25 mg/mL methacholine LOINC Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration^post 25 mg/mL methacholine [L]
1-L  20155-8 FEV1 --post bronchodilation LOINC Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration^ post bronchodilation [L]
1-L  20157-4 FEV1 --pre bronchodilation LOINC Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration^ pre bronchodilation [L]
1-L  43253-4 FEV1 --pre dose methacholine LOINC Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration^ pre dose methacholine [L]
1-L  20149-1 FEV1 Predicted LOINC Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration [L]
1-L  20154-1 FEV1 Predicted --post bronchodilation LOINC Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration^ post bronchodilation [L]
1-L  20156-6 FEV1 Predicted --pre bronchodilation LOINC Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration^ pre bronchodilation [L]
1-L  69983-5 FEV1 percent change LOINC Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration percent change [%]
1-L  64593-7 FEV1 quality attribute Respiratory system [PhenX] LOINC FEV1 quality attribute
1-L  20153-3 FEV1/FEV total LOINC Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration/Volume.forced expiration.total [%]
1-L  65658-7 FEV1/FEV6 Predicted LOINC Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration/Volume expired during 6.0 s of forced expiration
1-L  19926-5 FEV1/FVC LOINC Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration/Forced vital capacity
1-L  69970-2 FEV1/FVC --post bronchodilation LOINC Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration/Forced vital capacity^post bronchodilation [%]
1-L  19925-7 FEV1/FVC Predicted LOINC Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration/Forced vital capacity
1-L  69984-3 FEV1/FVC percent change LOINC Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration/Forced vital capacity percent change [%]
1-L  20152-5 FEV1/Predicted LOINC Volume expired during 1.0 s of forced expiration measured/Predicted
1-L  52486-8 FEV2/FEV total LOINC Volume expired during 2.0 s of forced expiration/Volume.forced expiration.total
1-L  41233-8 FEV3 Predicted LOINC Volume expired during 3.0 s of forced expiration [L]
1-L  41234-6 FEV3/FEV total LOINC Volume expired during 3.0 s of forced expiration/Volume.forced expiration.total [%]
1-L  65655-3 FEV6 LOINC Volume expired during 6.0 s of forced expiration [L]
1-L  65656-1 FEV6 Predicted LOINC Volume expired during 6.0 s of forced expiration
1-L  43251-8 FIV1 Predicted LOINC Volume^at 1.0 s post forced inspiration [L]
1-L  43264-1 FIV1/FIV Predicted LOINC Volume^at 1.0 s post forced inspiration/Volume.forced inspiration.total
1-L  19872-1 FVC measured/predicted Respiratory system LOINC Forced vital capacity.measured/Forced vital capacity.predicted
1-L  19873-9 FVC measured/predicted Respiratory system --post bronchodilation LOINC Forced vital capacity.measured/Forced vital capacity.predicted^post bronchodilation
1-L  19871-3 FVC measured/predicted Respiratory system --pre bronchodilation LOINC Forced vital capacity.measured/Forced vital capacity.predicted^pre bronchodilation
1-L  69982-7 FVC percent change Respiratory system LOINC Forced vital capacity percent change [%]
1-L  64592-9 FVC quality attribute Respiratory system [PhenX] LOINC FVC quality attribute
1-L  18684-1 First Blood pressure Set LOINC Blood pressure
1-L  18708-8 First Heart rate Set LOINC Heart rate
1-L  19870-5 Forced vital capacity [Volume] Respiratory system LOINC Forced vital capacity [L]
1-L  19875-4 Forced vital capacity [Volume] Respiratory system --post bronchodilation LOINC Forced vital capacity^post bronchodilation [L]
1-L  19877-0 Forced vital capacity [Volume] Respiratory system --pre bronchodilation LOINC Forced vital capacity^pre bronchodilation [L]
1-L  19869-7 Forced vital capacity [Volume] Respiratory system Predicted LOINC Forced vital capacity [L]
1-L  19868-9 Forced vital capacity [Volume] Respiratory system by Spirometry LOINC Forced vital capacity [L]
1-L  19874-7 Forced vital capacity [Volume] Respiratory system by Spirometry --post bronchodilation LOINC Forced vital capacity^post bronchodilation [L]
1-L  19876-2 Forced vital capacity [Volume] Respiratory system by Spirometry --pre bronchodilation LOINC Forced vital capacity^pre bronchodilation [L]
1-L  19843-2 Functional residual capacity LOINC Capacity.functional residual
1-L  19847-3 Functional residual capacity Predicted LOINC Capacity.functional residual [L]
1-L  19844-0 Functional residual capacity by Helium rebreathing LOINC Capacity.functional residual
1-L  19845-7 Functional residual capacity by Helium single breath LOINC Capacity.functional residual
1-L  19846-5 Functional residual capacity by Plethysmograph body box LOINC Capacity.functional residual
1-L  19928-1 Gas delivery source Respiratory system LOINC Gas delivery source
1-L  40445-9 Gas delivery source Respiratory system --resting LOINC Gas delivery source^resting
1-L  65821-1 Gas flow FEV 25% LOINC Gas flow at 25% of forced expiration [L/s]
1-L  19927-3 Gas flow FEV 25%-75% LOINC Gas flow at 25-75% of forced expiration [L/s]
1-L  19945-5 Gas flow FEV 25%-75% airway LOINC Gas flow at 25-75% of forced expiration [L/s]
1-L  65822-9 Gas flow FEV 50% LOINC Gas flow at 50% of forced expiration [L/s]
1-L  65823-7 Gas flow FEV 75% LOINC Gas flow at 75% of forced expiration [L/s]
1-L  65824-5 Gas flow FEV 90% LOINC Gas flow at 90% of forced expiration
1-L  19930-7 Gas flow Respiratory system airway LOINC Gas flow [L/min]
1-L  19929-9 Gas flow Respiratory system airway by Rebreathing LOINC Gas flow [L/min]
1-L  40442-6 Heart rate --post exercise LOINC Heart rate^post exercise [{beats}/min]
1-L  73795-7 Heart rate Blood Postductal Pulse oximetry LOINC Heart rate [/min]
1-L  73799-9 Heart rate Blood Preductal Pulse oximetry LOINC Heart rate [/min]
1-L  55422-0 Heart rate Encounter maximum LOINC Heart rate [{beats}/min]
1-L  44609-6 Heart rate Episode maximum by Oximetry LOINC Heart rate [{beats}/min]
1-L  44611-2 Heart rate Episode mean by Oximetry LOINC Heart rate [{beats}/min]
1-L  44610-4 Heart rate Episode minimum by Oximetry LOINC Heart rate [{beats}/min]
1-L  11328-2 Heart rate at First encounter LOINC Heart rate [{beats}/min]
1-L  8889-8 Heart rate by Oximetry LOINC Heart rate [{beats}/min]
1-L  40587-8 Heart rate by Oximetry --post exercise LOINC Heart rate^post exercise [{beats}/min]
1-L  55426-1 Heart rate unspecified time maximum by Pedometer LOINC Heart rate [{beats}/min]
1-L  55425-3 Heart rate unspecified time mean by Pedometer LOINC Heart rate [{beats}/min]
1-L  8686-8 History of Respiratory system disorders LOINC History of symptoms &amp; diseases
1-L  10177-4 History of Respiratory system disorders Narrative LOINC History of symptoms &amp; diseases
1-L  19848-1 Inspiratory capacity LOINC Capacity.inspiratory
1-L  19851-5 Inspiratory capacity Predicted LOINC Capacity.inspiratory [L]
1-L  19854-9 Inspiratory capacity bs/Inspiratory capacity pre-operative LOINC Capacity.inspiratory.bs/Capacity.inspiratory.preop
1-L  19853-1 Inspiratory capacity bs/Inspiratory capacity pre-operative by Spirometry LOINC Capacity.inspiratory.bs/Capacity.inspiratory.preop
1-L  19849-9 Inspiratory capacity by Helium rebreathing LOINC Capacity.inspiratory
1-L  19850-7 Inspiratory capacity by Helium single breath LOINC Capacity.inspiratory
1-L  19852-3 Inspiratory capacity by Spirometry LOINC Capacity.inspiratory
1-L  19856-4 Inspiratory capacity measured/Predicted LOINC Capacity.inspiratory.measured/predicted
1-L  19855-6 Inspiratory capacity measured/Predicted by Spirometry LOINC Capacity.inspiratory.measured/predicted
1-L  33452-4 Maximum expiratory gas flow Respiratory system airway LOINC Expiratory gas flow.max [L/min]
1-L  69976-9 Maximum expiratory gas flow Respiratory system airway --post bronchodilation LOINC Expiratory gas flow.max^post bronchodilation [L/s]
1-L  19938-0 Maximum expiratory gas flow Respiratory system airway --post therapy LOINC Expiratory gas flow.max^post therapy [L/min]
1-L  69975-1 Maximum expiratory gas flow Respiratory system airway --pre bronchodilation LOINC Expiratory gas flow.max^pre bronchodilation [L/s]
1-L  71794-2 Maximum expiratory gas flow Respiratory system airway --pre therapy LOINC Expiratory gas flow.max^pre therapy
1-L  69974-4 Maximum expiratory gas flow Respiratory system airway Predicted LOINC Expiratory gas flow.max [L/s]
1-L  19935-6 Maximum expiratory gas flow Respiratory system airway by Peak flow meter LOINC Expiratory gas flow.max [L/min]
1-L  19937-2 Maximum expiratory gas flow Respiratory system airway by Peak flow meter --post therapy LOINC Expiratory gas flow.max^post therapy [L/min]
1-L  71795-9 Maximum expiratory gas flow Respiratory system airway by Peak flow meter --pre therapy LOINC Expiratory gas flow.max^pre therapy [L/min]
1-L  69978-5 Maximum expiratory gas flow/Predicted maximum expiratory gas flow Respiratory system airway --post bronchodilation LOINC Expiratory gas flow.max/Expiratory gas flow.max.predicted^post bronchodilation [%]
1-L  69977-7 Maximum expiratory gas flow/Predicted maximum expiratory gas flow Respiratory system airway --pre bronchodilation LOINC Expiratory gas flow.max/Expiratory gas flow.max.predicted^pre bronchodilation [%]
1-L  33453-2 Maximum expiratory resistance Respiratory system LOINC Expiratory resistance.max [cm[H2O/L/s]
1-L  20159-0 Maximum voluntary ventilation LOINC Voluntary ventilation.max
1-L  20160-8 Maximum voluntary ventilation --post bronchodilator LOINC Voluntary ventilation.max^post bronchodilator
1-L  20163-2 Maximum voluntary ventilation --pre bronchodilator LOINC Voluntary ventilation.max^pre bronchodilator
1-L  20162-4 Maximum voluntary ventilation Measured --pre bronchodilator LOINC Voluntary ventilation.max^pre bronchodilator
1-L  20158-2 Maximum voluntary ventilation Predicted LOINC Voluntary ventilation.max
1-L  20161-6 Maximum voluntary ventilation [Flow] --post bronchodilator/Voluntary ventilation.maximum predicted LOINC Voluntary ventilation.max^post bronchodilator/Voluntary ventilation.max predicted
1-L  20164-0 Maximum voluntary ventilation [Flow] --pre bronchodilator/Voluntary ventilation.maximum predicted LOINC Voluntary ventilation.max^pre bronchodilator/Voluntary ventilation.max predicted
1-L  3149-2 Oxygen [Partial pressure] in Inhaled gas LOINC Oxygen [mm[Hg]]
1-L  19941-4 Oxygen gas flow Oxygen delivery system LOINC Gas flow.oxygen [L/min]
1-L  40448-3 Oxygen gas flow Oxygen delivery system --post exercise LOINC Gas flow.oxygen^post exercise [L/min]
1-L  40447-5 Oxygen gas flow Oxygen delivery system --resting LOINC Gas flow.oxygen^resting [L/min]
1-L  59405-1 Oxygen saturation in 8 hour maximum Arterial blood by Pulse oximetry LOINC Oxygen saturation [%]
1-L  59406-9 Oxygen saturation in 8 hour minimum Arterial blood by Pulse oximetry LOINC Oxygen saturation [%]
1-L  59408-5 Oxygen saturation in Arterial blood by Pulse oximetry LOINC Oxygen saturation [%]
1-L  59409-3 Oxygen saturation in Arterial blood by Pulse oximetry --during treatment LOINC Oxygen saturation^during treatment [%]
1-L  59410-1 Oxygen saturation in Arterial blood by Pulse oximetry --on room air LOINC Oxygen saturation^on room air [%]
1-L  59411-9 Oxygen saturation in Arterial blood by Pulse oximetry --post bronchodilation LOINC Oxygen saturation^post bronchodilation [%]
1-L  59412-7 Oxygen saturation in Arterial blood by Pulse oximetry --post exercise LOINC Oxygen saturation^post exercise [%]
1-L  59413-5 Oxygen saturation in Arterial blood by Pulse oximetry --post treatment LOINC Oxygen saturation^post treatment [%]
1-L  59414-3 Oxygen saturation in Arterial blood by Pulse oximetry --pre bronchodilation LOINC Oxygen saturation^pre bronchodilation [%]
1-L  59415-0 Oxygen saturation in Arterial blood by Pulse oximetry --pre physiotherapy LOINC Oxygen saturation^pre physiotherapy [%]
1-L  59416-8 Oxygen saturation in Arterial blood by Pulse oximetry --pre treatment LOINC Oxygen saturation^pre treatment [%]
1-L  59417-6 Oxygen saturation in Arterial blood by Pulse oximetry --resting LOINC Oxygen saturation^resting [%]
1-L  59418-4 Oxygen saturation in Blood Postductal by Pulse oximetry LOINC Oxygen saturation [%]
1-L  59407-7 Oxygen saturation in Blood Preductal by Pulse oximetry LOINC Oxygen saturation [%]
1-L  19993-5 Oxygen/Inspired gas Inhaled gas by Gas dilution.rebreath LOINC Oxygen/Inspired gas [%]
1-L  19992-7 Oxygen/Inspired gas Inhaled gas by Helium single breath LOINC Oxygen/Inspired gas [%]
1-L  41935-8 Peak flow measure duration Respiratory system airway by Peak flow meter LOINC Peak flow measure duration
1-L  20033-7 Peak inspiratory flow Respiratory system airway opening --at 0.5 liter per second on ventilator LOINC Peak inspiratory flow^at 0.5 liter per second on ventilator
1-L  20037-8 Peak inspiratory flow Respiratory system airway opening --at 1.0 liter per second on ventilator LOINC Peak inspiratory flow^at 1.0 liter per second on ventilator
1-L  20041-0 Peak inspiratory flow Respiratory system airway opening --at 1.5 liter per second on ventilator LOINC Peak inspiratory flow^at 1.5 liter per second on ventilator
1-L  20045-1 Peak inspiratory flow Respiratory system airway opening --at 2.0 liter per second on ventilator LOINC Peak inspiratory flow^at 2.0 liter per second on ventilator
1-L  20049-3 Peak inspiratory flow Respiratory system airway opening --at 2.5 liter per second on ventilator LOINC Peak inspiratory flow^at 2.5 liter per second on ventilator
1-L  20080-8 Pulmonary function test method LOINC
1-L  20146-7 Residual volume LOINC Volume.residual
1-L  20145-9 Residual volume Predicted LOINC Volume.residual
1-L  20143-4 Residual volume by Helium rebreathing LOINC Volume.residual
1-L  20144-2 Residual volume by Helium single breath LOINC Volume.residual
1-L  43252-6 Residual volume/Total capacity Predicted LOINC Volume.residual/Capacity.total
1-L  9279-1 Respiratory rate LOINC Breaths [{breaths}/min]
1-L  19842-4 Respiratory rate --at maximum voluntary ventilation LOINC Breaths^at maximum voluntary ventilation [{breaths}/min]
1-L  9303-9 Respiratory rate --resting LOINC Breaths^resting [{breaths}/min]
1-L  19841-6 Respiratory rate by Spirometry --at maximum voluntary ventilation LOINC Breaths^at maximum voluntary ventilation [{breaths}/min]
1-L  59269-1 Respiratory severity score LOINC
1-L  64112-6 Respiratory system --post exercise LOINC Dyspnea^post exercise
1-L  64113-4 Respiratory system --resting LOINC Dyspnea^resting
1-L  20088-1 Respiratory test prediction method LOINC
1-L  33449-0 Respiratory therapy goal Respiratory therapy LOINC Respiratory therapy goal
1-L  28394-5 Shortness of breath at rest [HIV-SSC] LOINC Shortness of breath at rest
1-L  28395-2 Shortness of breath with activity [HIV-SSC] LOINC Shortness of breath with activity
1-L  65653-8 Test challenge type Respiratory system LOINC Test challenge type
1-L  19862-2 Total lung capacity LOINC Capacity.total
1-L  19861-4 Total lung capacity Predicted LOINC Capacity.total [L]
1-L  19860-6 Total lung capacity by Chest xray.calculated LOINC Capacity.total
1-L  19857-2 Total lung capacity by Helium rebreathing LOINC Capacity.total
1-L  19858-0 Total lung capacity by Helium single breath LOINC Capacity.total
1-L  19859-8 Total lung capacity by Plethysmograph body box LOINC Capacity.total
1-L  19867-1 Vital capacity [Volume] Respiratory system LOINC Vital capacity
1-L  19865-5 Vital capacity [Volume] Respiratory system Predicted LOINC Vital capacity [L]
1-L  19863-0 Vital capacity [Volume] Respiratory system by Helium rebreathing LOINC Vital capacity
1-L  19864-8 Vital capacity [Volume] Respiratory system by Helium single breath LOINC Vital capacity
1-L  19866-3 Vital capacity [Volume] Respiratory system by Spirometry LOINC Vital capacity [L]
1-L  20140-0 Volume expired LOINC Volume.expired
1-L  33434-2 Volume expired (vol/time) LOINC Volume.expired [L/min]
1-L  20139-2 Volume expired 1 minute LOINC Volume.expired
Legenda: Type L=leaf, S=specializable, A=abstract, D=deprecated. NullFlavors to appear in @nullFlavor attribute instead of @code.